Cartimandua was Queen of the Brigantes the largest British tribe. Her rule encompassed much of Northern England including North Yorkshire. Cartimandua fearing the power of the Roman legions forged an alliance with Rome. In return for becoming a vassal the Brigantes were allowed relative independence. Rome's occupation was confined primarily to southern Britain and no doubt the Romans were "comfortable" with an ally on their northern flank.

Roman occupation was not however accepted by all. Caractacus led a rebellion in the south around 51AD and upon the defeat of his forces fled north to the Brigantes. Caractacus enjoyed popular support for his stand against Roman tyranny. Cartimandua's decision to hand him over to the Romans at Stanwick (not far from Richmond) was seen by many as betrayal. Nonetheless she continued to rule for a further 18 years until in 69AD she was forced out by her estranged husband Venutius who was crowned king after leading a rebellion. Cartimandua was rescued by the Romans.

Venutius waged war against the Romans and there were a number of great battles in the North. He was however finally defeated in 71AD in a great battle at Scotch Corner three miles from Richmond.

A massive Iron Age encampment at Stanwick about 7 miles to the north of Richmond was excavated by Sir Mortimer Wheeler in 1951/52. The fortifications amongst the largest in the Country run for approximately 5 miles (8 kilometres) and encompass an area of 700 acres (290 ha). Built in the first Century the settlement was closely linked with the last chapter of the Brigante's turbulent history. Stanwick was identified with Venutius and developed as a centre of political power as well as one of economic prosperity. The massive earthwork defences are an obvious manifestation of this:

(See also Scots Dyke).

To prevent further uprisings Petillius Cerealis stationed a legion at York and built a fort (and bridge still visible) at nearby Piercebridge. (Petillius Cerealis was commander of the ninth legion that had previously been virtually destroyed by Boudicea)

In 73AD the Brigantes were forced to abandon their tribal stronghold at Stanwick St John (the far end of Scots Dyke).

Follow this link to David Simpon's: History of Yorkshire and the North East

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